mirror of
https://github.com/iritmaximus/kandi.git
synced 2026-10-12 19:13:32 +03:00
Include official template
This commit is contained in:
Aaro Koivukangas
@@ -0,0 +1,400 @@
|
||||
% University of Helsinki
|
||||
% Department of Mathematics and Statistics
|
||||
% Template for Bachelor's or Master's thesis
|
||||
%
|
||||
% This template is intended as a starting point for a thesis;
|
||||
% feel free to customize it or use your own template.
|
||||
% See the comments for hints and customization.
|
||||
%
|
||||
% Initial version: 29 August 2024 / Petri Laarne
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
% Add the 'twoside, openright' options when producing a proper printed version
|
||||
\documentclass[a4paper, 11pt]{report}
|
||||
|
||||
\usepackage[hidelinks]{hyperref} % Always load this: clickable links and PDF reader navigation bar
|
||||
\usepackage{lastpage} % Used to determine the total page count
|
||||
\usepackage{calc} % For layout calculations involving TeX length units (template title page)
|
||||
\usepackage{graphicx} % For embedding image files (JPEG, PNG, PDF)
|
||||
\usepackage{subcaption} % For subfigures
|
||||
\usepackage{tikz} % For drawing diagrams and other complex vector graphics
|
||||
|
||||
% If you use the LuaLaTeX or XeLaTeX compiler, comment out the following line.
|
||||
% These compilers offer better support for Unicode, so you should use them if possible.
|
||||
\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
|
||||
|
||||
% Pass the language of the thesis as the LAST option in the list below.
|
||||
% This changes the language used for dates and words like 'Chapter' or 'Bibliography'.
|
||||
% You can remove the languages that do not appear in your work.
|
||||
\usepackage[finnish,swedish,english]{babel}
|
||||
|
||||
\usepackage{csquotes} % This package is suggested by 'babel'
|
||||
|
||||
% Bibliography. Change the latter command if you modify the .bib file name.
|
||||
\usepackage{biblatex}
|
||||
\addbibresource{thesis-refs.bib}
|
||||
|
||||
\usepackage{mathtools} % Extended mathematics support (this package extends amsmath)
|
||||
\usepackage{amssymb} % More mathematical symbols
|
||||
\usepackage{amsfonts} % Blackboard bold mathematics font
|
||||
|
||||
% Theorem environments
|
||||
\usepackage{amsthm}
|
||||
\theoremstyle{plain}
|
||||
\newtheorem{theorem}{Theorem}[section] % Theorems are numbered within chapter and section
|
||||
\newtheorem{lemma}[theorem]{Lemma} % Lemmas etc. follow the same numbering as theorems
|
||||
\theoremstyle{definition}
|
||||
\newtheorem{definition}[theorem]{Definition}
|
||||
\theoremstyle{remark}
|
||||
\newtheorem{remark}[theorem]{Remark}
|
||||
|
||||
% Some examples of custom mathematical commands
|
||||
\newcommand{\ZZ}{\mathbb Z} % Blackboard bold Z
|
||||
\newcommand{\dx}{\mathop{}\!\mathrm d x} % Nice spacing (and upright d) for dx in integrals
|
||||
|
||||
% Finnish notation for evaluating integrals
|
||||
% Instead of \int_a^b syntax you must use it as \sij{a}{b}
|
||||
% (To enable the sub-/superscript syntax would require some more complicated TeX wizardry.)
|
||||
\newcommand{\sij}[2]{\mathop{\bigg/}\nolimits_{\hspace{-0.65em}#1}^{\hspace{0.05em}#2}\hspace{-0.2em}}
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
\begin{document}
|
||||
|
||||
%
|
||||
% TITLE PAGE
|
||||
%
|
||||
\begin{titlepage}
|
||||
|
||||
\noindent
|
||||
\begin{minipage}[b]{\textwidth-45pt}
|
||||
University of Helsinki\\
|
||||
Faculty of Science\\
|
||||
Insert DEGREE PROGRAMME name here
|
||||
% Helsingin yliopisto\\
|
||||
% Matemaattis-luonnontieteellinen tiedekunta\\
|
||||
% Helsingfors universitet\\
|
||||
% Matematisk-naturvetenskapliga fakulteten\\
|
||||
\end{minipage}
|
||||
\hfill\includegraphics[width=45pt]{HYlogo.pdf}
|
||||
|
||||
\vspace{4pt}\hrule\vfill
|
||||
|
||||
\begin{center}
|
||||
Bachelor's thesis / Master's thesis\\[8pt]
|
||||
% Kandidaatintutkielma / Maisterintutkielma\\[8pt]
|
||||
% Kandidatavhandlingen / Magisteravhandlingen\\[8pt]
|
||||
|
||||
{\huge\bfseries Title of the thesis}\\[8pt]
|
||||
|
||||
Firstname Lastname
|
||||
\end{center}
|
||||
|
||||
\vfill\hrule\vspace{4pt}
|
||||
|
||||
\noindent
|
||||
Supervisor:\hfill Month and year of submission\\
|
||||
Firstname Lastname\\
|
||||
Possible Other Supervisor
|
||||
\end{titlepage}
|
||||
|
||||
%
|
||||
% ABSTRACT
|
||||
%
|
||||
% This command starts a new page.
|
||||
% In a print version ('twoside' option passed to \documentclass), the page is on the right side
|
||||
\pagenumbering{gobble}
|
||||
\cleardoublepage
|
||||
|
||||
\noindent\textbf{Title:} Repeat the title here\\ % Otsikko / Titel
|
||||
\textbf{Author:} Your name here\\ % Tekijä / Författare
|
||||
\textbf{Month and year:} Month and year of submission\\ % Aika / Datum
|
||||
\textbf{Page count:} \pageref*{LastPage}~pp.\\[1em] % Sivumäärä: XX~s. / Sidoantal: XX~s.
|
||||
% The page count is updated automatically, but it might require two compilations to be correct.
|
||||
% If you customize the backmatter, this might become incorrect - check and correct manually if needed.
|
||||
|
||||
% If you include an abstract in a different language, wrap it in a foreignlanguage block
|
||||
\begin{foreignlanguage}{english}
|
||||
\noindent\textbf{Abstract:}\\ % Tiivistelmä / Referat
|
||||
The abstract should be about one page long.
|
||||
It also doubles as the maturity test.
|
||||
Do not use mathematical notation in the abstract,
|
||||
since it will also be displayed on the electronic thesis repository.
|
||||
|
||||
For the publication date, put in the month and year of submission of the finished thesis.
|
||||
Also include 3~to 5~keywords that support searching for your thesis.
|
||||
They are also shown one the repository page.
|
||||
|
||||
You can include the abstract in more than one language by copying and modifying
|
||||
this code between comment blocks.
|
||||
To get correct hyphenation for the language (and not with the rules of the main language),
|
||||
put the text in a \verb|foreignlanguage| block as shown in the code
|
||||
(just modify the language parameter to match the abstract).
|
||||
\end{foreignlanguage}
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
\vfill
|
||||
|
||||
\noindent\textbf{Keywords:} Fill in some keywords, Separated by commas % Avainsanat / Nyckelord
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
%
|
||||
% TABLE OF CONTENTS
|
||||
%
|
||||
\cleardoublepage
|
||||
\tableofcontents
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
%
|
||||
% MAIN TEXT STARTS HERE
|
||||
%
|
||||
|
||||
% The \pagenumbering{arabic} command must be immediately after the first chapter title.
|
||||
% Do not repeat it for other chapters.
|
||||
\chapter{Introduction}
|
||||
\pagenumbering{arabic}
|
||||
|
||||
\section{Compiling the document}
|
||||
|
||||
Depending on the language of your thesis, pass the correct option to the
|
||||
\verb|\usepackage{babel}| command in the preamble.
|
||||
This package changes all the built-in words (like \emph{Bibliography}) to the specified language.
|
||||
|
||||
If possible, you should use either the LuaLaTeX or XeLaTeX compiler to produce the PDF file.
|
||||
You can change the compiler in the settings of your \LaTeX{} editor.
|
||||
(In Overleaf, this setting is in the menu at the upper-left corner of screen.)
|
||||
|
||||
These compilers have better Unicode support than the old pdfLaTeX compiler,
|
||||
and any future accessibility improvements will depend on these compilers.
|
||||
If you use them, comment out the \verb|\usepackage{fontenc}| line
|
||||
from the beginning of the document.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
The bibliography is produced by a program called Biber.
|
||||
Overleaf handles this automatically.
|
||||
You can edit the \verb|.bib| source file for bibliography entries either manually%
|
||||
\footnote{See Section~2 of the biblatex documentation at \url{https://ctan.org/pkg/biblatex}
|
||||
for more information on the syntax.
|
||||
The documentation also explains customization of the bibliography and citation styles.}
|
||||
or export the file from a reference management program like Zotero.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
\section{Figures and tables}
|
||||
|
||||
\LaTeX{} automatically ``floats'' figures and tables into a suitable position,
|
||||
usually at the top of current or next page.
|
||||
It is usually best to let the algorithm do its thing;
|
||||
any manual tweaks are likely to break if the layout changes even by a tiny bit.
|
||||
|
||||
To create a figure, you can use the \verb|figure| environment.
|
||||
You can create a cross-reference point (like Figure~\ref{fig:university logo})
|
||||
by adding a label after the caption.
|
||||
Note that the cross-reference above is clickable
|
||||
-- this feature is provided by the `hyperref' package.
|
||||
|
||||
\begin{figure}
|
||||
\centering
|
||||
\includegraphics[width=0.4\textwidth]{HYlogo.pdf}
|
||||
\caption{The emblem of University of Helsinki.
|
||||
As it is a trademark of the university, its use is governed by some restrictions.}
|
||||
\label{fig:university logo}
|
||||
\end{figure}
|
||||
|
||||
To create subfigures as in Figure~\ref{fig:subfigures},
|
||||
you can use the `subcaption' package.
|
||||
It is possible to create subfigure references like Figure~\ref{sub}
|
||||
by placing the label inside the subcaption definition.
|
||||
(You can also create automatic, clickable references to the subfigure letter, like (\subref{sub})).
|
||||
|
||||
\begin{figure}
|
||||
\centering
|
||||
|
||||
\subcaptionbox{The university logo.\label{sub}}{\includegraphics[width=0.3\textwidth]{HYlogo.pdf}}
|
||||
\subcaptionbox{Made a bit bigger.}{\includegraphics[width=0.4\textwidth]{HYlogo.pdf}}
|
||||
\subcaptionbox{And a bit smaller.}{\includegraphics[width=0.2\textwidth]{HYlogo.pdf}}
|
||||
\subcaptionbox{This goes on a new row.}{\includegraphics[width=0.2\textwidth]{HYlogo.pdf}}
|
||||
|
||||
\caption{The subfigures are automatically placed in a grid.
|
||||
Manual break points can be created with empty lines.}
|
||||
\label{fig:subfigures}
|
||||
\end{figure}
|
||||
|
||||
If you need to place a picture inline with text,
|
||||
you can also do so, but then the picture is not numbered (and it might cause ugly page breaking).
|
||||
Here the feature is illustrated with a simple diagram using the 'tikz' package.
|
||||
TikZ is an extremely powerful package for making diagrams.
|
||||
You can find a lot of examples online.
|
||||
|
||||
\begin{center}
|
||||
\begin{tikzpicture}
|
||||
|
||||
\node[draw] (A) at (0,0) {Find supervisor};
|
||||
\node[draw] (B) at (4,0) {Write thesis};
|
||||
\node[draw] (C) at (7.5,0) {Profit!};
|
||||
|
||||
\draw[->] (A.east) -- (B.west);
|
||||
\draw[->] (B.east) -- (C.west);
|
||||
|
||||
\end{tikzpicture}
|
||||
\end{center}
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Like figures, there are also floating environments for tables.
|
||||
Tables are numbered in their own sequence (like Table~\ref{tbl:theses}) by default.
|
||||
Table contents are set with a \verb|tabular| environment.
|
||||
|
||||
\begin{table}
|
||||
\centering
|
||||
\begin{tabular}{r|lcc}
|
||||
Dissertation & Shorthand & Typical length & Credits\\
|
||||
\hline
|
||||
Bachelor's & BSc & 10--20 pages & 6~cr\\
|
||||
Master's & MSc & 30--50 pages & 30~cr\\
|
||||
Doctoral & PhD & 3 articles + intro & N/A
|
||||
\end{tabular}
|
||||
\caption{Various academic dissertations in mathematics.}
|
||||
\label{tbl:theses}
|
||||
\end{table}
|
||||
|
||||
For better automatic handling of cross-references (although only in English-language text),
|
||||
you can look at the `cleveref' package\footnote{\url{https://ctan.org/pkg/cleveref}}.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
\section{Mathematics}
|
||||
|
||||
This example equation illustrates some custom commands defined in the document preamble:
|
||||
\begin{equation}\label{eq:example}
|
||||
\int_0^{2\pi} \sin(x + k\pi) \dx = -\sij{0}{2\pi} \cos(x) = 0,
|
||||
\quad k \in \ZZ.
|
||||
\end{equation}
|
||||
In particular, the \verb|\dx| command ensures good spacing (and upright `d') of $\dx$ within the integral.
|
||||
(The middle notation is only used in Finland.)
|
||||
|
||||
To create an unnumbered display equation like
|
||||
\[
|
||||
a^2 + b^2 = c^2,
|
||||
\]
|
||||
use the \verb|\[ \]| syntax or \verb|equation*| environment.
|
||||
The old \TeX{} syntax \verb|$$ $$| is not fully compatible
|
||||
with modern \LaTeX{} enhancements.
|
||||
|
||||
Remember that equations are part of text,
|
||||
so you should put punctuation (like \verb|.| and \verb|,|)
|
||||
inside equation environments if necessary.
|
||||
For inline mathematics like $a^2 + b^2$, keep the punctuation outside the dollar signs.
|
||||
Do not put empty lines around equation environments unless
|
||||
there is supposed to be a paragraph break.
|
||||
|
||||
\bigskip
|
||||
|
||||
To find a particular mathematical symbol,
|
||||
the Detexify tool\footnote{\url{https://detexify.kirelabs.org/}} is super useful.
|
||||
It lets you draw a symbol, and suggests similar symbols from base \LaTeX{} and common packages.
|
||||
Common symbols are also listed in the mathematics section of
|
||||
\LaTeX{} Wikibook\footnote{\url{https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/LaTeX/Mathematics}}.
|
||||
|
||||
Equations are numbered within chapter by default.
|
||||
They too can be cross-referenced, like \eqref{eq:example}.
|
||||
There are several other equation environments, like the one that aligns lines
|
||||
(each line is numbered except for one, and one of them has a special name):
|
||||
\begin{align}
|
||||
\left( \sum_{k=0}^2 a^{2-k} b^k \right) (a-b)
|
||||
&= (a^2 + ab + b^2) (a - b) \label{eq:second}\\
|
||||
&= a^3 - a^2 b + a^2 b - ab^2 + b^2 a - b^3 \label{eq:third}\\
|
||||
&= a^3 - (a^2 b - a^2 b) - (ab^2 - a b^2) - b^3 \notag\\
|
||||
&= a^3 - b^3. \tag{AB}\label{eq:AB}
|
||||
\end{align}
|
||||
The lines can be referred to as \eqref{eq:second}, \eqref{eq:third}, and \eqref{eq:AB}.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
\section{Theorems, definitions, and proofs}
|
||||
|
||||
The preamble defines some theorem-like environments with different styles.
|
||||
You can create more such environments and change their names by modifying the code there.
|
||||
|
||||
These environments are numbered within chapter and section.
|
||||
If you'd prefer to not reset the numbering in each section
|
||||
(that is, Definition~1.1 instead of Definition~1.4.1),
|
||||
you can change the indicated line in the preamble.
|
||||
|
||||
\begin{definition}
|
||||
A triple $(a, b, c)$ of positive integers is called \emph{Pythagorean} if $a^2 + b^2 = c^2$.
|
||||
\end{definition}
|
||||
|
||||
It is possible to give a name to such a block.
|
||||
|
||||
\begin{lemma}[A very silly lemma]
|
||||
There exists at least one Pythagorean triple.
|
||||
\end{lemma}
|
||||
\begin{proof}
|
||||
Pick $(a, b, c) = (3, 4, 5)$.
|
||||
\end{proof}
|
||||
|
||||
If you want the block name to refer to a result in a published work,
|
||||
you need to wrap the citation command in \verb|{{}}|.
|
||||
This is due to some unfortunate \TeX nical details.
|
||||
|
||||
\begin{theorem}[{{\cite[Theorem~0.5]{wiles}}}]
|
||||
There does not exist a triple $(a, b, c)$ of positive integers such that $a^3 + b^3 = c^3$.
|
||||
\end{theorem}
|
||||
\begin{proof}
|
||||
Left as an exercise to the reader.
|
||||
\end{proof}
|
||||
|
||||
\begin{remark}
|
||||
The last proof was a joke.
|
||||
\end{remark}
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
\section{Citing literature}
|
||||
|
||||
Use the \verb|\cite| command to cite entries from the \verb|.bib| file,
|
||||
like \cite{analyysia}.
|
||||
You can also use an optional argument to cite a specific part, like \cite[p.~20]{analyysia}.
|
||||
|
||||
Only cited entries are included in the final bibliography.
|
||||
To force the inclusion of all entries (for testing purposes!),
|
||||
you can add \verb|\nocite{*}| somewhere in the code.
|
||||
\nocite{*}
|
||||
|
||||
Refer to the biblatex documentation \cite{biblatex}
|
||||
for changing the appearance of citations and the bibliography.
|
||||
The \verb|.bib| file attached to this template shows the basic elements
|
||||
of various entry types.
|
||||
|
||||
Reference management programs like Zotero support exporting \verb|.bib| files.
|
||||
You can also download citations from \mbox{zbMATH}, Google~Scholar, and most journals
|
||||
directly in \verb|.bib| format.
|
||||
|
||||
One more note: Some bibliography styles may change the capitalization of words.
|
||||
Use \verb|{}| to protect specific words from this behaviour,
|
||||
like \verb|{Fermat's}| in the entry for \cite{wiles}.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
%
|
||||
% BIBLIOGRAPHY
|
||||
%
|
||||
% The [heading=bibintoc] option adds the bibliography to table of contents
|
||||
\printbibliography[heading=bibintoc]
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
%
|
||||
% APPENDICES (if necessary)
|
||||
%
|
||||
\appendix
|
||||
|
||||
\chapter{Some more information}
|
||||
|
||||
If you need to have appendices in your thesis,
|
||||
you can write them as usual chapters after the \verb|\appendix| command.
|
||||
Appendices are numbered alphabetically.
|
||||
|
||||
\end{document}
|
||||
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
|
||||
@article{wiles,
|
||||
author = {Wiles, Andrew},
|
||||
title = {Modular Elliptic Curves and {Fermat's} Last Theorem},
|
||||
journal = {Annals of Mathematics},
|
||||
year = {1995},
|
||||
volume = {141},
|
||||
issue = {3},
|
||||
pages = {443--551},
|
||||
doi = {10.2307/2118559}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
@book{analyysia,
|
||||
author = {Harjulehto, Petteri and Klèn, Riku and Koskenoja, Mika},
|
||||
title = {Analyysiä reaaliluvuilla},
|
||||
publisher = {Gaudeamus},
|
||||
year = {2023},
|
||||
edition = {Sixth, revised edition},
|
||||
note = {Previously published by Unigrafia}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
@unpublished{some-preprint,
|
||||
author = {Aizenman, Michael and Duminil-Copin, Hugo},
|
||||
title = {Marginal triviality of the scaling limits of critical 4D {Ising} and {$\phi^4_4$} models},
|
||||
year = {2019},
|
||||
note = {arXiv preprint 1912.07973},
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
@inbook{book-chapter,
|
||||
author = {Nonexistent, Nana},
|
||||
title = {A 3-page solution to the {Riemann} hypothesis},
|
||||
pages = {14--16},
|
||||
booktitle = {A compendium of invalid proofs},
|
||||
bookauthor = {Lastname, Firstname von},
|
||||
publisher = {Puuhamaa University Press},
|
||||
year = {2024},
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
@manual{biblatex,
|
||||
author = {Kime, Philip and Wemheuer, Moritz and Lehman, Philipp},
|
||||
title = {The {\texttt{biblatex}} package},
|
||||
year = {2024},
|
||||
urldate = {2024-08-22},
|
||||
url = {https://ctan.org/pkg/biblatex},
|
||||
note = {Version~3.20},
|
||||
}
|
||||
Reference in New Issue
Block a user